Clinical Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Major Depressive Disorder

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe non-invasive neuromodulation therapy for major depressive disorder, particularly for treatment-resistant cases. It modulates prefrontal cortical activity to alleviate depressive symptoms, with mild and transient side effects. However, relapse after treatment remains a concern, and optimized maintenance strategies are still being explored.